The Henkel family line, which includes so many prominent Lutheran ministers, can be traced back to Reformation times. Count Conrad Henkel von Donnersmarck was a contemporary of the sixteenth century reformers. Another Count Henkel, represented as a nobleman of deep religious feeling, was a supporter of Muhlenberg in his work at the Goettingen Orphan House. The first Henkel known to have come to America was a pastor, often called "The Pioneer", who arrived in 1717. For more than a century, through some unexplained confusion, "The Pioneer" was supposed to have been named Gerhart. According to the History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America by Jacobs, one Gerhart Henkel served as pastor of the church at Falkner's Swamp, Pa., prior to 1726. He also preached at St. Michael's Church, Germantown, and probably in Madison Co., Va., before 1720. However, more recent discoveries indicate that "The Pioneer" was really Anthony Jacob Henkel rather than Gerhart. The last will and testament of Anthony Jacob Henkel, found some fifty years ago, names Gerhart Anthony as "my oldest son"; and other mortuary records support this assumption. Another son of Anthony Jacob Henkel was John Justus. He and his wife Christine and their family moved to Rowan Co., N. C., at an early date. In 1760, he left North Carolina and, after several removals, finally located in Pendleton Co., Va., where he died in 1794. His son Jacob had five sons who became Lutheran ministers: John, Joseph, Benjamin, Isaac and Paul. Only Paul, the progenitor of a long line of distinguished Lutheran churchmen, was connected with the work of the North Carolina and Tennessee Synods; and sketches of Henkels found in this volume are limited to his descendants. This group is recognized as having rendered an invaluable service to the Lutheran Church in this country through undeviating support of the historic Lutheran Confessions.

HENKEL, AMBROSE, third son of the Rev. Paul and Elizabeth (Negeley) Henkel, born July 11, 1786, near Solomon's Church, eight miles N. W. Of New Market, Va. Married Catharine Hoke, Lincoln Co. One child, Noah Isaiah. Second marriage to Mary Kite, Page Co., Va. Children: Mary Catharine, Arianna Elizabeth, Eleanora Caroline, Paul Philip. Third marriage to Veronica Hoyle (Heyle), Lincoln Co., apparently sister of his brother David's wife Catharine. Children: Gerhart Ambrose, Hieronymus, Licensed 1823 and ordained 1824 by Tenn. Synod. Churches served, all in Va.: Trinity (Koiners), 1823-25; Emmanuel, New Market, 1825-38; St. Mary's near Mt. Jackson, 1825-55; Raders, Timberville, 1829-37; and Zion, near Edinburg, 1854-. Learned printer's trade at Hagerstown, Md., having walked there from home in Va., 1802; established first Lutheran printing shop in America at New Market, Va., 1806. Published a German language paper, "The Virginia and New Market Popular Instructor and Weekly News," 1807-09. Edited a New Market newspaper for 72 years, and was referred to as "perhaps the oldest practical printer in Virginia." Sold printing shop to older brother Solomon, a physician, who thus became a publisher also. The Henkel Press was long an outstanding force in the development of the Lutheran Church in worship, confessional strength, education, and practices throughout the South. Literary contrtibutions: Prepared and published "Church Hymn Book" (1838); was chm. of comm. of Tenn. Synod to prepare "Book of Forms" (liturgy and orders), published in 1843; aided in translating into English Lutheran symnbols, and publishing "The Christian Book of Concord" (1851); translated into English and published serially Vol. I Luther's "Church Postil" (Epistles), 1857-58. Of him it was written: "He was a scholar, theologian, translator, editor, and printer, as well as a preacher . . . . as a writer and translator he was noted for his precision and accuracy of style; he was a profound thinker, an earnest student, and a forcible speaker." Secretary Tenn. Synod, 1829, 31, 33; president, 1853. Died Jan. 6, 1870, at New Market, Va., in 84th year; buried at Emmanuel church in New Market.

HENKEL, ANDREW, fourth son of the Rev. Paul and Elizabeth (Negeley) Henkel, born Oct. 21, 1790, at New Market, Va. Married first Margaret Trout in 1815. Second marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth Swartzell. Ten children: Hiram, Philip, Julia, Paul, Margaret, Vandalena, Sabina, George, William, Edward. Licensed 1811 by Min. Of Pa., and transferred 1814 to N. C. Synod. No record of any churches served in N. C. But from The Henkel Memorial (1717-1911) First Series, Number Three, page 88, we see that "in 1826 he accepted a call to the Lutheran Church at Germantown, Ohio, where he passed a long and eminently successful pastorate which was only broken by a brief stay at Goshen, Ind., and Lewisburg, Ohio. . . . Like his brothers he possessed a literary turn of mind, and wrote both English and German productions for publication, evidencing great versatility and vigorous mind." Died April 23, 1870, about 3 mos. after older brother Ambrose; buried at Germantown, Ohio.

HENKEL, CHARLES, sixth son of the Rev. Paul and Elizabeth (Negeley) Henkel, and youngest of the five minister sons, born May 18, 1798, in New Market, Va. Married Mary C. Siegrist, Madison Co., Va. Children: The Rev. David Melanchthon, Mary Elizabeth, and Charles Ambrose (died young). Second marriage to Mary Warner, Columbus, Ohio. No churches served in N. C., but in Ohio as stated in The Henkel Memorial (1717-1911) First Series, Number Three, p. 89: "As a young man he migrated to Ohio, entered theLutheran ministry and rose to prominence, serving as president of his synod. Like his kindred he was also the founder of numerous churches. He was also a fine scholar and translated the Augsburg Confession (1831) which was afterwards published by the order of the Tenn. Synod." Died Feb. 2, 1841, in Perry Co., Ohio, in his 43rd year.

HENKEL, DAVID, fifth son of the Rev. Paul and Elizabeth (Negeley) Henkel, born May, 4, 1795, in Augusta Co., Va. "Well educated, mostly in private study in German, English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Theology"' and well instructed in Lutheran con-fessions and practices. Married Catharine Hoyle (Heyle), Lincoln Co., a sister of Veronica Hoyle, his brother Ambrose's third wife. Children: Susan, Eliza-beth, Leah, the Rev. Polycarp Cyprian, Cicero, Flora, Eleanora, the Rev. Socrates. Two grandsons were the Revs. Augustus R. Bennick (Methodist) and John S. Bennick (Lutheran). Licensed 1813 at the age of 18, and ordained 1819 by N. C. Synod. Churches served: St. Peter-Bethel, near Chapin, S. C., 1812-13; in N. C.; in Lincoln Co.: Daniels, 1814-25; and St. Luke-organized Trinity, Vale, 1821-30; in Gaston Co.: St. Mark, 1814-30; Bethel-Philadelphia, 1821-30; and White Haven (a group from original White Haven organizing separately about a mile away under Henkel and served by him), 1814-31; Morning Star, Mecklenburg Co., 1815-18, 1830; St. Paul, Startown, 1820-31; supply St. Martin, Cabarrus Co., 1821; occasional supply, St. Martin, Stanly Co., 1820-28; organized Mt. Moriah, Rowan Co., 1823-24. Not present for organization of Tenn. Synod in 1820, but having agreed to it, was recognized as a charter member; served as secretary 1824, 26, 27. Literary contributions: Drafted constitution of Tenn. Synod; translated into English Luther's Small Catechism, with an appendix, "An Essay of Regeneration"; also wrote "A Treatise on the Person and Incarnation of Jesus Christ, in Which Unitarian Arguments are Examined and Answered"' and a number of other treatises on doctrinal subjects. It was said of him: "he had a clear, active, and penetrating mind, . . . and unbounded energy." Died June 15, 1831, aged 36, after ministry of 18 years; buried at St. John Church, Catawba Co.

HENKEL, DAVID MELANCHTHON, son of the Rev. Charles and Mary C. (Siegrist) Henkel, and grandson of the Rev. Paul Henkel. Married Heleah Anna Maria Henkel, youngest child of his uncle Solomon Henkel, Sept. 11, 1849. Children: Six, of whom Leah Ellen, the third child, married the Rev. A. L. Yount, D.D. Ordained decon 1843 and pastor 1849, on day of marriage, by Tenn. Synod. Transferred 1855 to Va. Synod. Transferred back to n. C. Synod 1873. Churches served: St. John, Cabarrus Co.-Holy Trinity, Mt. Pleasant, 1872-75. Transferred to Indiana Synod 1876. Received a D.D. degree. Died at Catawissa, Pa., Nov. 8, 1904, in 86th year, 30 years after his wife's death.

HENKEL, DAVID SOCRATES, son of the Rev. Polycarp C. And Rebecca (Fox) Henkel, and great-grandson of the Rev. Paul Henkel; born in N. C. Aug. 24, 1846. Married first Rebecca Henkel, daughter of Solomon D. Henkel, 1871. Children: Sallie, Alice, Beatrice, Tilden, Clinton (died young), Roscoe (died young), Herbert, George, Charles, Laura. Second marriage to Elizabeth Vaughan a few years before his death. One son. Licensed 1863 by Tenn. Synod, but not ordained. Churches srved: St. Martin, Stanly Co., 1865-67; Mt. Moriah, Rowan Co., 1867-69. Treas. Tenn. Synod, 1867. After pastorate at Mt. Moriah, went to New Market, Va., and read law with Judge George R. Calvert and practiced law for about 20 years, serving at times in the Va. Legislature. Left the Lutheran Church and became affiliated with the Disciples of Christ. Organized and served congregations in that church in Va., at Waynesboro, Basic City, Harrisonburg, Newport News, and Chatham from 1892 until his death at Chatham, Feb. 7, 1914; buried at Emmanuel Church, New Market, Va.

HENKEL, EUSEBIUS, son of the Rev. Philip and Catherine (Rupert) Henkel, and grandson of the Rev. Paul Henkel, was ordained deacon by Tenn. Synod in 1833. As Tenn. Synod missionary labored in Ind., 1833-35. With the Rev. Christian Moretz (Tenn. Synod) and the Rev. John Ludwig Markert (N.C. Synod), also laboring in Ind., assisted in organizing Ind. Synod in 1835. Markert was chosen first president of that synod.

HENKEL, PAUL, born Dec. 15, 1754, on Dutchman's Creek, 16 miles from Salisbury, in Rowan Co. (Now a part of Davie Co.), was the first Lutheran pastor born in N. C. Parents: Jacob and Mary Barbara (Teeter) Henkel. Married Elizabeth Negeley (sometimes spelled Negly, Nagly), Nov. 20, 1776. Children: Six sons and three daugh-ters--Solomon (a physician), and five minis-ter sons, Philip, Ambrose, Andrew, David and Charles; daughters were Hanna (married the Rev. John N. Stirewalt), Naomi, and Sabina. While preparing to become a minister and in his early ministry supported his family by working at the cooper's trade. In 1776 he began his study in theology and the classics under the guidance and sponsorship of the Rev. John Andrew Krugh, Fredericktown, Md. Licensed by the Ministerium of Pa in June 1783, with renewal annually until ordination by the same synod on June 6, 1792. Served churches in Va., and perhaps in other states, from his home in New Market, Va., until 1806 when he was appointed "travelling preacher," and was allowed $40 a month for the time he was actually engaged in his work. The next year (1807) he reported that he travelled 128 days in the service of the synod and baptized 158 children and received $106.05 on this journey. In 1808 he was appointed missionary for Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, and from records it appears that he was re-appointed annually with his field widened to "territory of his own selection". It seems reasonable to assume that during the years he was travelling preacher he would have lived in N. C. from 1800 to 1805 while serving the following churches in this state: Dutchman's Creek Church (later called New Jerusalem, then Reformation from 1870 to disbanding in 1925), Davie Co., 1800-05; Becks-Bethany-Pilgrim, St. Luke, Davidson Co.-Nazareth-Shiloh, Forsyth Co., 1800-05; also, in same area occasional supply with other Tenn. Synod pastors. Assistant to Johann Gottfried Arends (Arndt), Emmanuel, Lincolnton-Zion, Catawba Co., 1803; and supply, St. Mark, Gaston Co., 1803-. Because of malarial climate moved back to New Market, Va., 1805. Made repeated missionary tours in N.C., S.C., Va., Tenn., Ohio, Ky., and Ind. "No more active, indefatigable and self-denying missionary than the Rev. Paul Henkel ever labored in this country" (p. 308, The Lutherans in America by Edmund Jacob Wolf, D.D.). One of four pastors with 14 laymen, organizing the N. C. Synod in 1803. Assisted in organizing Ohio Synod in 1818, but not becoming a member. Also an organizer of Tenn. Synod, with six other N. C. Synod pastors, including sons Philip and David. Wrote and published the following: A work on Baptism and the Lord's Supper in German (1809), later translated into English; a German hynmbook with 246 hymns (1810), with some hymns (perhaps in both books) written by himself. Also German and English catechisms based on Luther's Small Catechism. Preached in both German and English. One of the stalwart fathers of the Lutheran Church in N. C. and in other states as well, particularly in Va., and Ohio. To him and his family the church owes a great debt of gratitude. The records of the Min. Of Pa. Show that he attended its convention at Lancaster, Pa., in 1820 for the last time. Died in New Market, Va., Nov. 17, 1825; buried at Emmanuel Church, New Market.

HENKEL, PHILIP L., second son of the Rev. Paul and Elizabeth (Negeley) Henkel; born Sept. 23, 1779, in Pendleton Co., Va. Married Catharine Rupert. Three sons are known, Rev. Eusebius, Rev. Irenaeus, and Ambrose Dedric; but records state that at his death he was survived by his wife and seven children. Licnesed 1800 by Min. Of Pa., and ordained 1805 by N. C. Synod. Churches served: Friedens-Lows, Guilford Co.-St. Paul, Alamance Co., 1800-05; as assistant to the aging Johann Gottfried Arends (Arndt) Emmanuel, Lincolnton-Daniels, Lincoln Co.-Grace-St. Paul, Catawba Co., 1805-07, and as pastor, 1808-14; also as Arends' assistant, Zion, Catawba Co., 1805-07, and as pastor, 1807-12; Bethel-Philadelphia, Gaston Co.-St. Luke, Lincoln Co., 1808-14; also St. John, Catawba Co. In late years of ministry apparently did mostly supply work, 1825-33, at Cobles, Guilford Co.; Mt. Pleasant, Alamance Co.; Mt. Moriah, Rowan Co., with other pastors, 1825, 1831-32, alone 1833; and Trinity, Vale, Pastor in Tenn. And did missinary work in other states, Secretary 1811, and president 1815, N. C. Synod. With other pastors, including his father and brother David, was an organizer of Tenn. Synod, 1820, in Solomons Church, Greene Co., Tenn., of which he was pastor at the time; secretary 1830, and was elected president one month before death. Died Oct. 9, 1833, aged 54, after short illness, while on pastoral tour to churches in Guilford and Randolph Cos., having preached last sermon Sept. 21, 1833 in Richland Church, Randolph Co., where he is buried. From his records his ministry of 33 years can be stated thus: More than 4,350 sermons preached, 125 at funerals, 4,115 baptisms of infants and 325 of adults, and 1,650 confirmations.

HENKEL, POLYCARP CYPRIAN, born Aug. 20, 1820 in Lincoln Co. Parents: The Rev. David and Catharine (Heyle/Hoyle) Henkel. A grandson of the Rev. Paul Henkel, and older brother of the Rev. Socrates Henkel. Like the other Henkels he must have been well instructed; received a D.D. degree. Married Rebecca Fox, Randolph Co., 1843. Children: Hon. David S., Catharine C. (Lail). If others, record not available. Ordained deacon 1843 and pastor 1846 by Tenn. Synod. Churches served: Christ, Stanley, 1846; Daniels, Lincoln Co., 1847-55; Friendship, Alexander Co., 1847-61; St. Paul, Startown, 1849-69; St. Stephen, Hickory, 1849-64, 65-73, 77-89; Mt. Olive, Hickory, 1889; St. Martin, Iredell Co., 1876-81; Philadelphia, Granite Falls, 1878; St. John, Catawba Co.; Mt. Pleasant, Wataugo Co., 1880, 83, 85. In Mo., 1870-77 (conflict with some preceding dates), helped to organize English Dist. of Mo. Synod; transferred to it in 1873. Returned to Tenn. Synod 1877, to serve again in N. C. One of founders of Concordia Coll., Conover, in 1878 and its president until forced to resign in 1885 due to failing health. Secretary 1858, and president 1878, Tenn. Synod. On Comm. to Prepare a Plan for Missionary work in Confederate Army, 1863; on Comm. To Submit a Form for Public Licensing of Men for the Ministry, 1865; on Joint Comm. (N.C. and Tenn. Synods) to Submit Policy to Prevent Conflicts in Work of the two Synods, 1882. Died Sept. 26, 1889, in Conover; buried at St. Peter Church, Catawba Co.

Typed by Brenda Witt